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A century of disasters, measured

Disaster statistics

How many disasters are recorded, who they harm and what they cost — from 1900 to today, worldwide or for the country you choose.

This is a historical record, not a report of what is happening now. For live events, see the live map

1900–2025

    Each hazard on its own

    One panel per hazard, each with its own vertical scale so the small ones stay visible. Because the scales differ, the panels are not comparable in height — the figure above each curve is its maximum.

    Floods

    Wildfires

    Storms

    Drought

    Volcanoes

    Landslides

    Earthquakes

    Extreme temperature

    How strong the events were

    This measures the phenomenon, not the damage. A magnitude 7 under the open ocean kills nobody; a magnitude 6 under a badly built city kills thousands. Different sources and different periods — each chart states its own.

    Earthquakes

    Scale: Mw · since 1970

      Large earthquakes are not becoming more frequent: magnitude 7–8 events run 119, 109, 150, 133 and 151 per decade since the 1970s. The rise in the 5–6 band is more seismometers, not more earthquakes.

      USGS — catálogo sísmico mundial

      Volcanoes

      Scale: VEI · since 1900

        Significant eruptions only — those that caused damage. An eruption in an empty area may never enter the catalogue, so this is not the full count of the world’s eruptions.

        NOAA NCEI — erupciones significativas

        Storms

        Scale: Saffir-Simpson · since 1980

          Peak Saffir-Simpson category reached by each tropical cyclone. From 1980, when geostationary satellites made the record homogeneous.

          NOAA IBTrACS v04r01

          Armed conflict

          In 2025 the UCDP recorded armed conflict in 55 countries and 244,579 deaths, central estimate. This is a different source and a different kind of event from everything above: EM-DAT does not count war.

          Countries with armed conflict in 2025, by deaths
          Country Deaths Range Type Active
          Ukraine 90,345 83,725–137,336 Between statesAgainst civilians 10/10
          Sudan 75,164 20,880–90,827 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Palestinian Territories 14,505 13,889–15,182 InternalAgainst civilians 7/10
          Congo - Kinshasa 8,860 8,283–29,291 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Mexico 7,833 2,671–8,016 Between groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Ethiopia 5,419 3,282–17,882 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Burkina Faso 4,475 4,404–6,360 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Russia 4,420 3,577–4,420 Between statesAgainst civilians 9/10
          Nigeria 4,021 3,429–4,594 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Somalia 3,869 3,806–4,517 InternalBetween groups 10/10
          Syria 3,444 3,136–3,748 Between statesInternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Pakistan 3,308 3,067–4,897 Between statesInternalAgainst civilians 10/10
          Haiti 2,428 2,291–2,567 InternalAgainst civilians 7/10
          Myanmar (Burma) 2,309 2,272–3,209 InternalAgainst civilians 10/10
          Mali 2,152 2,057–2,745 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Yemen 1,717 1,047–2,028 Between statesInternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10
          Iran 1,243 1,105–1,258 Between statesInternalAgainst civilians 10/10
          Niger 1,111 1,082–1,271 InternalAgainst civilians 10/10
          Tanzania 1,009 408–2,692 Against civilians 5/10
          Colombia 942 778–1,145 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians 10/10

          Counting war deaths is contested. The UCDP publishes a low, a central and a high estimate; the range column shows the first and the last. The central figure is the one to quote.

          Where conflict has not stopped

          Countries with armed conflict in most of the last 10 years (2016–2025)
          Country Years with conflict Deaths in 2025 Type
          Ukraine 10/10 90,345 Between statesAgainst civilians
          Sudan 10/10 75,164 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Congo - Kinshasa 10/10 8,860 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Mexico 10/10 7,833 Between groupsAgainst civilians
          Ethiopia 10/10 5,419 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Burkina Faso 10/10 4,475 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Nigeria 10/10 4,021 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Somalia 10/10 3,869 InternalBetween groups
          Syria 10/10 3,444 Between statesInternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Pakistan 10/10 3,308 Between statesInternalAgainst civilians
          Myanmar (Burma) 10/10 2,309 InternalAgainst civilians
          Mali 10/10 2,152 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Yemen 10/10 1,717 Between statesInternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          Iran 10/10 1,243 Between statesInternalAgainst civilians
          Niger 10/10 1,111 InternalAgainst civilians
          Colombia 10/10 942 InternalBetween groupsAgainst civilians
          India 10/10 609 Between statesInternalAgainst civilians
          South Sudan 10/10 607 InternalBetween groups
          Brazil 10/10 592 Between groupsAgainst civilians
          Cameroon 10/10 367 InternalAgainst civilians

          UCDP — Uppsala Conflict Data Program · CC BY 4.0 · ucdp.uu.se

          Source and licence

          All figures come from EM-DAT, the International Disaster Database of CRED at UCLouvain — the registry the press, the UN and researchers cite when they report on disasters. Processed by Our World in Data. emdat.be.

          EM-DAT, CRED / UCLouvain (2026), Brussels, Belgium — procesado por Our World in Data. www.emdat.be

          EM-DAT does not allow commercial use without a separate licence agreement. That is why this section, alone on this site, carries no advertising, no product links and no affiliate links.

          218 countries, 1900–2025, from EM-DAT release 2026-04-30. The 2026 partial year is excluded so the charts do not show a fall that never happened.